Introduction: Factors affecting hatchability are mentioned as important indicators in breeder flocks’ performance, one of these elements is fertility. Roosters’ as half part of fertility have great role AND aging reduces their fertility. The biologic system in live organisms such as animals is under permanent attack due to natural consequence of the body’s normal metabolic activity that produces free radicals. It has been revealed that phospholipid fraction of avian spermatozoa membranes has high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) AND it is the reason why the spermatozoa are susceptible to free radical attack. During evolution, to deal with Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), living organisms have developed specific antioxidant protective mechanisms. Therefore, as a major factor, presence of natural antioxidants in living organisms enables their survival in an oxygen-rich environment. To maintain sperm fertilizing ability, an antioxidant defense system is a crucial point. In avian semen the antioxidant system consists of natural antioxidants together with enzymes that have antioxidant characteristics such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) AND selenoprotein P (SEPP1) protects sperm against free radicals AND their destructive metabolites. Antioxidants such as vitamin E AND selenium (Se) have remarkable roles in avian reproduction. To gain gross reproductive performances in commercial poultry, supplementation of antioxidant at an optimum level is thought to be necessary. By using additives such as selenium we can help delaying this reduction through antioxidant properties of Se. Replacing inorganic Se by new types of Se sources like the nano form in poultry diet improves fertility. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of Nano-Selenium (Nano-Se) in comparison with sodium selenite on serum selenoprotein p (SEPP1) AND glutathione peroxidase (GPx) CONTENT in broiler breeder roosters.Material AND Method: In the present study, a total of thirty Arbor Acres Broiler Breeder roosters (40 weeks old) were rANDomly divided into five experimental groups. Each of which included 3 replicates of 2 birds. Relevant catalog recommended distribution of 160 gr of diet per rooster per day for broiler breeder males. After one-week adaptation they were fed with the basal diet (T1) supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg Sodium Selenite (T2), 0.15 mg/kg nano-Se (T3), 0.3 mg/kg nano-Se (T4) AND 0.6 mg/kg nano-Se (T5). The duration of feeding experiment was four weeks. At the end of adaptation week, blood samples were collected (2.5 ml) AND after separating the serum, they were stored in -20°C refrigerator. Another sampling was two weeks later in the middle of experiment that again blood samples were collected AND their serum were stored at -20°C. Four weeks after the treatment was done at the end of experiment, the roosters were humanely euthanized by cervical dislocation, the 3rd AND last sampling was implemented at the end of experiment that as in the previous sampling was done, the blood samples were centrifuged AND separated serum was stored in -20°C. Then serum concentration of the antioxidant “SEPP1” was measured by ELISA method AND “GPx” was analyzed using a spectrophotometry kit.Results AND discussion: The values of SEPP1 AND GPx serum concentration obtained at the first time sampling showed no significant differences between all groups (P < 0.05). Serum SEPP1 concentration examination in the second sampling showed that roosters fed with both mineral AND nano form of selenium supplements, had significantly higher concentrations of selenoprotein P in their serum, compared to the control group (P < 0.05) which the highest concentration was related to the treatment of 0.6 mg/kg nano-Se (T5) in their diet. Among the two groups of treatment 2 AND treatment 3, which were fed 0.3 mg/kg sodium selenite (T2) AND 0.15 mg/kg nano-Se (T3), respectively, treatment 3 had higher concentration. The results of examining the SEPP1 serum concentration for the final time at the end of the study indicated that there is a process similar to the trend of changes in the serum concentration of selenoprotein P that was seen in the second sampling step. The only difference observed in serum concentration results of the second sampling compared to third time was that the difference between the T2 AND T3 treatments was greater in the last sampling. Simultaneously with SEPP1 analysis, serum glutathione peroxidase concentration was measured in three sampling times. At the second time sampling of serum GPx concentration, evaluation of the serum concentration of glutathione peroxidase revealed that the serum concentrations of this selenoprotein in broiler breeder roosters in groups T5, T4, T3 AND T2 were significantly (P < 0.05) higher relative to its concentration in control group (T1). The difference between serum concentration of control group AND T3 treatment was not significant (P < 0.05), also the difference in serum concentration of this selenoprotein between treatments T4 AND T5 was not significant (P < 0.05). At the end of the study, after the third sampling AND evaluation, the results of GPx serum concentrations revealed that all treatments showed a significant increase compared to the control group (P < 0.05) AND with increasing the amount of nano-Se in the diet from 0.15 mg/kg to 0.6 mg/kg nano-Se, serum concentrations of glutathione peroxidase showed an increasing trend. Based on a consideration of all experiment indexes, in this research 0.6 mg/kg is suggested to be the best level of supplementation of nano-Se, AND nano-Se showed higher CONTENTs of serum SEPP1 AND GPx at the same amounts of nano-Se AND sodium selenite supplementation. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of nano-Se was more effective than sodium selenite on serum SEPP1 AND GPx concentration of tested selenoproteins in broiler breeder males.

The doctrine that the CONTENT of the conclusion of a deductively valid argument is included in the CONTENT of its premises, taken jointly, is a familiar one. It has important consequences for the question of what value valid arguments possess, since it indicates the poverty of three traditional answers: that arguments may AND should be used as instruments of persuasion, that they may AND should be used as instruments of justification; AND that they may AND should be used to advance knowledge. The truth is, however, that in each of these cases the argument has only a managerial role AND, if there is any work done, it is the premises that do it. It will be maintained that this point has little force against the critical rationalist answer, which I shall defend, that the principal purpose of deductive reasoning from an assemblage of premises is the exploration of their CONTENT, facilitating their criticism AND rejection. That said, the main aim of the present paper is not to promote critical rationalism but to consider some published objections to the doctrine that a statement asserts every statement that is validly deducible from it. The alleged counterexamples to be considered fall roughly into two groups: statements that emerge with time from a rich mathematical or empirical theory, but were originally unformulated AND are deducible from the theory only in a non-trivial way (Frederick 2011, 2014; Williamson 2012); AND statements, notably disjunctions, that are easily formulated AND are deducible from a theory in a trivial way (Schurz & Weingartner 1987; Mura 1990, 2008; Gemes 1994; Yablo 2014). Each of these counterexamples will be evaluated AND dismissed.

Background: The expansion of the use of audio AND video media technology has faced society with many medical, cultural AND economic challenges. In the meantime, excessive use of mobile phones can cause many problems. Objective: The aim of this study was to construct AND validate a questionnaire on physical AND psychological injuries of mobile phones. Method: The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational AND confirmatory factor analysis. The statistical population of the study consisted of all citizens of Khorramabad with a diploma or higher in 1399, which was selected as a statistical sample by available sampling method of 200 people online AND virtual. Results: The results showed that the factorized physical AND psychological harm questionnaire of cell phone with 42 questions AND 10 components (fear of loss, vibration syndrome, duck syndrome, nomophobia, insomnia, hearing problem, eye syndrome, tunnel AND neck syndrome SMS) AND has good reliability, validity AND flexibility in terms of psychometrics. Discussion AND Conclusion: The questionnaire of factor analysis of physical AND psychological injuries of mobile phones can be used to identify AND study the physical AND psychological injuries of mobile phones.

Lactation length is different in individual cows, which is generally converted to a 305-day stANDard using curve fitting models for genetic AND management practices. Individual curves do not have a stANDard shape in all cases, AND can deviate from the stANDard pattern according to factors such as individual differences, AND type of fitted models. These non-stANDard curves, called atypical, resulted from incorrect estimated parameters of the curves; which consist of: continuously increasing or decreasing AND reversed stANDards. This study was conducted to investigate the importance of atypical curves in estimation of 305-day milk production, by fitting two nonlinear models? Wood (empirical) AND Pollott (biological), on 7659 AND 6692 test-day milk yield of 977 AND 776 first calving Iranian Simmental AND Jersey cows, during 2007-2020, using R software. Different patterns obtained based on the combination of increasing (b) AND decreasing (c) phase parameters of curves. The number of stANDard curves from the Pollott AND Wood models were 85.5% AND 62.2% for Simmental, AND 83.1% AND 70.6% for Jersey cows, respectively. Only continuously increasing curves were observed in both breeds in Pollott model (14.8% AND 16.9%, Simmental AND Jersey cows, respectively); Whereas in Wood model, all 3 groups of atypical curves were observed, which the reversed stANDard was the most (22.3% AND 16.5%, Simmental AND Jersey cows, respectively). Based on the findings, at the time of stANDardizing the production of dairy cows (national evaluations), not only differences between breeds, but also special attention to the production of atypical curves, should be paid (to correct or discard them).

To investigate the effect of vermicompost, N fertilizer AND their integration on growth, biological AND essential yields oil AND its components in two populations (Varamin AND Isfahan), an experiment was conducted in a rANDomized complete block design with three replications in the field of Isfahan Medicinal Plants Research Center in 2016. Fertilizer treatments including 100% urea, vermicompost 33.3 AND urea 66.6%, vermicompost 66.6 AND urea 33.3%, 100% vermicompost AND control treatment (without fertilizer) as the first factor AND Varamin AND Isfahan populations as the second factor were selected. The results showed that the interaction effects of nitrogen fertilizer AND populations on all studied traits were significant. In both populations, nitrogen fertilizer improved height, biological AND essential oil yields, CONTENT of essential oil compounds (d-Carvone AND its yield, α-phellANDrene AND linalool; except p-Cymene AND Limonene in Isfahan population). Since in medicinal plants, the quantity (biological yield) AND quality (essential oil AND d-Carvone; the most important ingredient AND the highest amount of essential oil in this experiment), 66.6% vermicompost + 33.3% urea in Varamin population, was the best treatment in the experiment. In addition an in the direction of human health AND sustainable agriculture, it is possible to reduce 33% of chemical fertilizers application AND pollution; however, in terms of other essential oil CONTENTs (α-phellANDrene, Linalool AND p-Cymene), 100% vermicompost fertilizer treatment was superior in Isfahan population.

Since the media reflect cultural OPINIONs, information AND different knowledge available in every community, therefore we are enabled to understAND cultural & social components including cultural INTERACTIONAL circumstances among communities.Interactions amid developing countries specifically interactions among neighboring countries located in the region or geographical area may maintain cultural entities, safeguarding the borders AND national sovereigns AND contribute manpower AND economic income.The current paper applies CONTENT analysis methodology, meanwhile the Research approach is inferential modality, moreover it uses both theme & evaluation techniques. The unit of analysis composes of broadcasting or message, therefore the control is newspapers of Islamic Republic of Iran.The research has shown that Iran, s greatLg depends on the positive factor of neighborhood AND historical AND cuIturaI in tegration in choosin g, anaIgsig AND inter preting the facts about Tajikistan, Iran, sem phasis on historicaIAND cuItaraI orogin is shown by pubIishong positive caturaI views about Tajikistan.

Introduction: From a long time ago, benefiting from technology has been an inevitable thing for human interests, which is born AND based on science. It can be claimed that there is harmony between ethics, science AND technology, which promote each other. In this article, the researcher discusses this harmony AND compatibility. Material AND Methods: The current review study was descriptive AND using the study of sources AND research keywords among the books AND articles published in the databases of Thomson Information Institute, Science Direct AND Pub Med. Conclusion: As science AND technology continue to advance AND become more integrated into our daily lives, ethical considerations become increasingly important. For example, the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has raised questions about the potential implications of creating machines that can make autonomous decisions AND take actions. If science AND technology were considered as a tool, it should have been able to subjugate humans AND influence all aspects of behavior AND values. While it has become a problem that eventually becomes aligned with morality by applying reason, AND people now seek help from it as a tool.

ABSTRACT Over the past 50 years since the first research in the field of urban development implementation plans, there has been a noticeable absence of a comprehensive literature review on this topic in the global arena. This article provides a textual analysis related to the subject of urban development implementation plans, to identify important AND recurring themes alongside analyzing the relationships between authors, journals, AND countries in this field. Along with the bibliographic analysis, documents related to the field of urban development implementation plans were reviewed to identify influential indicators in their implementation. To this end, 456 scientific articles were extracted from the Scopus scientific database as of October 28th, 2022, AND analyzed using scientometric software. These analyses include examining author keywords, country co-authorships, journal bibliographic coupling, AND author co-citations. In this study, 74 final indicators were identified as the most recurrent indicators in this field. The bibliographic analysis also produced several noteworthy results. The United States is the most active country in this field, with a link strength of 40 AND 176 articles. Berke, P. is the most influential author in this field, with a link strength of 1623 AND 99 citations. Among the journals examined, "LAND Use Policy" has the highest bibliographic coupling strength of 84, AND the "Journal of the American Planning Association" has the highest number of documents related to this field, with 22 documents; finally, among the identified. Extended Abstract Introduction The implementation of urban development projects has been a neglected topic in public policy research, despite its critical importance in ensuring the success of such projects. While there have been numerous studies on the factors that contribute to the success or failure of policy implementation, there has been a lack of systematic reviews on the subject of implementation as a whole. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of the implementation process of urban development projects. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of the implementation process of urban development projects. The study begins by collecting AND categorizing existing research in the field, focusing on three main questions: -What are the key indicators for successful implementation? -What are urban journals AND articles' current trends AND performance? -How do countries AND researchers collaborate in this area? The study also examines the relationships between authors, publishers, AND different types of documents through bibliographic analysis. Ultimately, this study highlights the need for further research AND a more structured approach to understANDing the implementation process of urban development projects.   Methodology This study examined the literature related to implementation AND evaluation plans in urban AND lAND use planning. The authors used the Scopus database to extract AND collect data, focusing on combining the keywords "implementation-plan" AND "evaluation-plan" in the keywords, abstracts, AND titles. Initially, 621 studies were extracted, but 456 articles were selected as the final database after filtering out non-article documents. The authors observed a general upward trend for studies from 1968 to 2022, with a significant increase in the slope of the trend from 2007. However, a slight decrease in studies was observed in 2021 AND 2022, possibly due to the global pANDemic AND the emergence of new related topics. The authors used a four-stage process to analyze the bibliographic subject of the study, including simultaneous occurrence analysis, co-authorship analysis, bibliographic coupling analysis, co-citation analysis, CONTENT analysis, AND thematic analysis. The authors identified the selected articles' research objectives, methodologies, findings, AND main themes AND sub-themes. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature on implementation AND evaluation plans in urban AND lAND use planning.   Results AND discussion This research aims to comprehensively analyze the implementation AND execution of urban development plans using bibliometrics AND systematic analysis. The study considers evaluation as a crucial part of the implementation process AND seeks to answer three fundamental questions. Firstly, it identifies effective indicators of implementation AND execution globally. Secondly, it examines the trends AND performances of new articles AND urban journals. Thirdly, it investigates the pattern of cooperation among countries AND researchers. The study identifies 74 general indicators that significantly impact the implementation process of urban plans. The results show that "performance evaluation," "effectiveness," "lAND use," "zonation," "participation," "program quality," AND "implementation program" are critical indicators in this area. The study also highlights the importance of evaluation in the discussion of program implementation AND its separability from the implementation process. Using the scientometric software VOSviewer, the study analyzed 68 keywords related to the bibliographic topic. "Program evaluation" obtained the first place, followed by "Program implementation" AND "Program quality." The co-authorship analysis based on author items revealed that Berke, P. has the highest number of citations AND link strength. Additionally, the study found that 72 countries have research in this field, with 22 countries having at least 5 citations that were clustered into 5 clusters by the software. The "lAND use policy" journal had the highest link strength, AND the "Journal of the American planning association" had the highest number of documents related to this field. In conclusion, the study provides valuable insights for policymakers AND researchers interested in urban development planning. It comprehensively examines the implementation AND execution of urban development plans, identifies effective indicators, AND investigates the pattern of cooperation among countries AND researchers. The study highlights the importance of evaluation in the implementation process AND its separability from the implementation process.   Conclusion The main goal of this research was to fill the gap in research on the implementation AND execution of urban development projects in the field, as no systematic review of the topic has been conducted from a global perspective since the first research in this field about half a century ago. Only in some studies, such as those by Talen (1996), Oliveira & Pinho (2010), Rudolf & Grădinaru (2017), has the evaluation of implementation been systematically reviewed, or the systematic review of experiences in a specific urban area, such as the review of various experiences in the Beijing urban area (Chu, 2020). In this research, with the comprehensive approach that the evaluation of implementation is an integral part of the overall process of implementing AND executing urban development projects, this process has been examined from the perspective of bibliometrics AND systematic analysis of this field. The main difference of this research, which makes it completely new, is firstly having a comprehensive approach to the implementation field, where program evaluation is only an important part of its structure, AND secondly, using the scientometric software VOSviewer for the first time in this field. In essence, the conclusive outcomes of this investigation were entirely novel AND exhibited some partial congruences with antecedent studies in the domain of appraising AND discerning indicators. Significantly, this research has conferred a systematic appraisal of the literature concerning the urban implementation AND execution of projects, which is an unprecedented contribution. It should be acknowledged that this is an initial survey of data intended to offer a comprehensive outlook on this scholarly field, AND thus it is subject to certain limitations, such as its confinement to the Scopus database. As such, it is recommended that future research endeavors encompass an analysis of additional databases AND undertake comparative evaluations of the results. Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization AND writing of the article. All of the authors approved theCONTENT of the manuscript AND agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

The aim of present research in the first stage was to extract astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis using acid-acetone method AND then nanoencapsulation of the pigment using maltodextrin-sodium caseinate coating. In the next step, antioxidant AND antibacterial activities of nanocapsules carrying astaxanthin AND the free form of the pigment was evaluated. In order to evaluate antibacterial activity of the samples, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus iniae, Bacillus subtilis (Gram positive), Yersinia ruckeri, Escherichia coli AND Enterobacter aerogenes (Gram negative) were used. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of nanocapsules carrying astaxanthin is significantly higher than the free form of pigment (p<0.05); In addition, this activity was improved by increasing the concentration of samples from 100 to 200 µg/ml (p<0.05). By astaxanthin nanoencapsulation, the diameter of non-growth zone of the studied bacteria increased (p<0.05), but minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) AND minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the pigment AND its carrier nanocapsules decreased (p<0.05). According to the results of zone of inhibition, Gram positive (except Listeria monocytogenes) AND Gram negative bacteria were resistant up to concentrations of 60 AND 80 µg/ml of samples, respectively. In the following, the MIC AND MBC of the pigment (free AND nanoencapsulated forms) for the seven bacteria ranged from 50 to 400 AND 100 to 500 µg/ml, respectively. The results of evaluation the antioxidant AND antibacterial activities of nanocapsules carrying astaxanthin during storage period (30 days at 4ºC) indicated stability AND no significant change of these properties (p>0.05). According to the values of diameter of non-growth zone, MIC AND MBC, Listeria monocytogenes was the most sensitive bacteria against astaxanthin AND its carrier nanocapsules. Based on the findings, astaxanthin extracted from Haematococcus pluvialis has antioxidant AND antibacterial activities, AND these properties are improved by the pigment nanoencapsulation using maltodextrin-sodium caseinate coating.

Introduction: Alternative punishments of imprisonment, which are called as a new approach of the penal system to fight against the negative consequences of prison, have many effects AND consequences that need to be investigated. Therefore, in this study, while examining the types of alternative punishments, the moral AND social effects of the implementation of these punishments have been explored. Materials AND Methods: The present study was conducted using an analytical-descriptive method. In this study, in order to provide an appropriate answer to the question presented, by referring to the theoretical bases (books) AND articles published in the ISC, Magiran, Civilica, SID AND Ensani in the years 2011 to 2023 AND with the method of extracting the existing legal provisions, the effectiveness of this type of punishment was also criticized in reaching the intended goals. Conclusion: The results of this study show that with the implementation of such punishments, the level of public trust, the growth of morals AND social capital in the society will also improve. Therefore, the implementation of these punishments, while reducing the criminal population of prisoners AND reforming them, provides better implementation of social justice AND improvement of public trust, emotional AND financial support for the families of criminals